Geography

Markham covers an area of 212.47 km2 (82.04 sq mi) and Markham's City Centre is at 43°53′N 79°15′W / 43.883°N 79.250°W / 43.883; -79.250. It is bounded by 5 municipalities; in the west is Vaughan with the boundary along Yonge Street between Steeles Avenue and Highway 7 and Richmond Hill with the boundary along Highway 7 from Yonge Street to Highway 404 and at Highway 404 from Highway 7 to 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the south, it borders Toronto with the boundary along Steeles Avenue. In the North is borders Whitchurch–Stouffville with the boundary from Highway 404 to York-Durham Line between 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the East it borders Pickering along the York-Durham Line.

Topography

Markham's average altitude is at 200 m (660 ft) and in general consists of gently rolling hills. The city is intersected by two rivers; the Don River and Rouge River, as well as their tributaries. To the north is the Oak Ridges Moraine, which further elevates the elevation towards the north.

Climate

Markham borders and shares the same climate as Toronto. On an average day, Markham is generally 1 °C (1.8 °F) cooler than in downtown Toronto. Under the Köppen climate classification, Markham has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with generally cold, damp, and snowy winters, though with occasional mild periods exceeding 5 °C (41 °F). The highest temperature recorded was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on August 8, 2001, and the lowest temperature recorded was −35.2 °C (−31 °F) on January 16, 1994 according to The Weather Network.

Climate data for Markham (Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high Humidex 13.2 14.4 29.2 35.7 40.6 44.6 50.9 44.4 43.6 35.0 24.9 20.6 50.9 Record high °C (°F) 13.6 (56.5) 14.9 (58.8) 26.0 (78.8) 31.7 (89.1) 33.5 (92.3) 36.6 (97.9) 37.2 (99) 37.8 (100) 32.8 (91) 27.1 (80.8) 22.1 (71.8) 18.0 (64.4) 37.8 (100) Average high °C (°F) −1.4 (29.5) −0.9 (30.4) 4.4 (39.9) 11.6 (52.9) 19.3 (66.7) 24.5 (76.1) 26.9 (80.4) 25.6 (78.1) 20.8 (69.4) 14.0 (57.2) 6.5 (43.7) 0.8 (33.4) 12.7 (54.9) Daily mean °C (°F) −5.9 (21.4) −5.8 (21.6) −0.5 (31.1) 6.2 (43.2) 13.1 (55.6) 18.4 (65.1) 20.9 (69.6) 19.7 (67.5) 15.0 (59) 8.5 (47.3) 2.5 (36.5) −3.3 (26.1) 7.4 (45.3) Average low °C (°F) −10.3 (13.5) −10.6 (12.9) −5.5 (22.1) 0.9 (33.6) 6.8 (44.2) 12.2 (54) 14.9 (58.8) 13.7 (56.7) 9.2 (48.6) 3.0 (37.4) −1.6 (29.1) −7.3 (18.9) 2.1 (35.8) Record low °C (°F) −35.2 (−31.4) −25.7 (−14.3) −22.0 (−7.6) −10.1 (13.8) −2.1 (28.2) 1.9 (35.4) 6.9 (44.4) 4.2 (39.6) −2.0 (28.4) −7.4 (18.7) −20.9 (−5.6) −25.3 (−13.5) −35.2 (−31.4) Wind chill −42.6 −37.4 −33.5 −18.6 −5.1 0.2 6.0 2.2 −4.2 −8.8 −23.9 −36.6 −42.6 Precipitation mm (inches) 66 (2.6) 46 (1.81) 54 (2.13) 74 (2.91) 77 (3.03) 79 (3.11) 82 (3.23) 85 (3.35) 85 (3.35) 68 (2.68) 79 (3.11) 63 (2.48) 858 (33.78) Rainfall mm (inches) 29 (1.14) 22 (0.87) 31 (1.22) 68 (2.68) 77 (3.03) 79 (3.11) 82 (3.23) 85 (3.35) 85 (3.35) 66 (2.6) 66 (2.6) 30 (1.18) 720 (28.35) Snowfall cm (inches) 40 (15.7) 26 (10.2) 22 (8.7) 6 (2.4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (0.4) 13 (5.1) 35 (13.8) 143 (56.3) Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 16 13 12 13 12 11 11 10 12 13 15 13 151 Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 6 4 7 11 12 11 11 10 12 11 13 6 114 Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 13 10 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 9 48 Source: The Weather Network